Days: 12 days

Time: September

Per capita: 20000 yuan

With whom: with friends

Play: photography, semi free travel

The author went to these places

Denmark

Finland

Iceland

Norway

Sweden

arctic circle

Reykjavik

Singhville National Park

Golden falls

Serialand falls

Forest Waterfalls

Highway 1

Reykjavik Cathedral

Hallgrimes Cathedral

Blue lake

Lovetown Islands

Oslo

Stavanger

Old town

Luther fjord

Dahl

Bergen

Pine fjord

Copenhagen

Xingang

King's new Plaza

Pedestrian Street

Charlotte Castle

Lake Vernon

Palace Square

Stockholm

Kungliga Slottet

Stockholm

Stockholm Cathedral

stockholm city hall

city hall

Vasa shipwreck Museum

Helsinki

Sibelius Park

Published on August 25, 2015 14:07

Travel to the Arctic from September to October 2014 http://you.ctrip.com/travels/arcticregions120486/2240184.html ）On our way back and forth, my friends and I traveled to the five northern European countries. The so-called five Nordic countries refer to Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and their affiliated territories, such as Faroe Islands, Greenland and OLAM, which are located in the north of Europe. The five Nordic countries and the three autonomous regions are closely related in historical background, social and political systems. Politically, although they are not communities, they all participate in the Nordic Council; Linguistically, there are three language families in northern Europe: Scandinavian branch of Indo European language family, Finnish Ugric and Sami branch of Ural language family, and Greenland branch of Eskimo Aleutian language family. The five Nordic countries cover an area of 3.5 million square kilometers (Greenland 2.17 million square kilometers, accounting for 60%), with a population of about 25 million.

Strictly speaking, apart from Iceland and Norway, there are few scenic spots in Nordic countries, because the whole country is a big scenic spot. It's no exaggeration to say that no matter where the cities and villages go, they are picturesque. After sorting out all kinds of beautiful pictures, I can't help but want to add them to my travel notes. I slowly find that this is unrealistic. I can only focus on some of the most wonderful and meaningful scenic spots I think I've passed and seen.

1、 Iceland

Northwest European island country, near the Arctic Circle, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Greenland Sea of the Arctic Ocean, with a total area of 103000 square kilometers and a population of about 322000, is the capital of Reykjavik. Glaciers cover an area of 8000 square kilometers and the coastline is about 5000 kilometers long. Iceland is a hot volcano covered by a millennium old ice sheet. There are too many reasons to travel to Iceland: glaciers, hot springs, geysers, active volcanoes, ice caps, tundra, snow peaks, volcanic deserts, waterfalls, Eurasian fissures, pure air, and Aurora all over the world - indeed, it has the most peculiar landform in the world.

The tear of the earth

According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's land is divided into six plates: Asia Europe, Pacific, America, Africa, India and Antarctica. Thirty million years ago, the drift and separation of the European continental plate and the American continental plate pulled out a crack in the depths of the North Atlantic Ocean. Strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions triggered the eruption of magma. Crustal movement produced plate drift and impact. After the earth's energy intersection and collision at the edge of the polar circle, Iceland, the most peculiar geographical island on earth, was born. When we see the black lava left here, we can imagine the spectacular scene of earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides caused by crustal movement. Looking at the wound of creation left by the eternal parting of the European continent and the American continent, the revered Icelanders set up a plaque here to commemorate: "midlina, in the foot steps of the gods!". Iceland is the only island country on the earth at the intersection of plates, so it has such varied landforms and landscapes.

The 7000 meter long and 30 meter high Rift Valley in singville National Park, Iceland, is just a section of the rift between the American plate and the Eurasian plate. The rift valley is described as "the most beautiful scar on the earth", also known as "the torn scar of the earth". The crustal fracture has formed a unique rift landscape here. At present, this scar makes the two plates fall more than 10 meters (the height is America), and has split a 20 meter road. The rocks on both sides of the fault zone meander for several kilometers. In autumn, Singh villier is like a painting of heavy colors: the winding water quietly surrounds the rift valley landscape, and the lake in the distance reflects the blue sky, white clouds, glaciers and snow mountains. Crisscross cracks, ravines, covered with moss green, shrubs orange, grass yellow. It's amazing that I'm crossing America and Eurasia with my feet. It's only one step from America to Europe.

When we arrived here, the sky was clear and the earth looked very beautiful under the soft light. I was so excited that I took the camera to shoot happily. All of a sudden, the sky changed its face, with dense clouds and continuous heavy rain. However, the wasteland under the haze is more and more full of the vicissitudes and desolation of the ancient earth. Standing on the rocks of the Eurasian plate, you can see the vast plain from afar, with lakes embedded in it.

The earth in the rain is so quiet and mysterious, stepping on dark brown rocks, covered with thick moss. The earth has been torn by great force, forming uneven thickness, crisscross cracks. Looking at the devastated earth, I seem to go back to the era when Pangu opened the mountains and split the earth. The great Pangu fell to the ground, startled the veins of the earth, led to volcanic eruptions, the earth's great earthquake, and then the mountains collapsed. It seems that the dry ground is still moving, and the crack may be widened and unfathomable at any time. With doubts, I went to the high and steep wall of the rift valley. The 7000 meter long and 30 meter high Rift Valley in front of me was frightening, which showed how earth shaking it was when the crust broke. This is only a small part of the Eurasian rift valley. The rest of the fault zone passes through Iceland along the southwest to northeast direction. The two plates continue to separate on both sides at the rate of 2 cm per year. A road used to be used by tourists has been temporarily closed because a deep crack has been opened in the ground not long ago, and now a bridge is being built on it. The earth is like a zipper, which can be opened at any time. "One day, the ground will suddenly crack and then fall in." I muttered in my heart. I walked carefully along the path in the fault zone, and I felt a kind of inexplicable uneasiness in my heart, for fear that I might fall down accidentally.

Singville lake is the largest lake in Iceland. This 83 square kilometer lake is also the work of the Great Rift Valley. Although the lake is calm, the bottom of the lake is covered with faults, rifts, volcanoes and hot springs, because it is the junction of the North American continent and the Eurasian continent plate. There are geomorphic traces left by faults, rifts and volcanoes at the bottom of the calm lake, It has become a holy land for diving and underwater photography. But whether it's looking down in the air, wandering on land, or potential underwater close contact, singhville National Park is an amazing landscape.

In singhville National Park, it has to be said that Iceland's parliament is also the earliest parliament in the world, which was born here. In 930 ad, 36 leaders from all over Iceland gathered here to discuss major events, which lasted 800 years annually. This is the early "Altyn" parliamentary system in Iceland, also known as "all parliament", 300 years earlier than the British parliamentary system. Therefore, as the site of Altyn, it marks the spirit of democracy and is listed on the world cultural heritage list. Iceland's current population is only over 300000, and only one county in our country has a large population. 1000 years ago, the population was even smaller. We can imagine how important and lively the annual Altyn meeting is. The major events that people have accumulated for a year should be decided here, and the enthusiasm that people have accumulated for a year should be vented in the meeting. We should choose the most beautiful summer, camp here for two weeks, and take the market trade out of the Council. That's a noisy and prosperous event! The early Parliament was far less complicated than it is today. The decision may seem trivial today, but it is the beginning of justice and civilization to adopt the consensus. This kind of seriousness and equality, which does not depend on the royal power but on the agreed laws, has become the center connecting Icelanders and the soul of Icelanders' pursuit of freedom, democracy and equality. We can see from afar that Iceland is a small country, which is often forgotten in the history of international civilization or on the international stage. However, in singville National Park, the starting point of the birth of the Altyn parliament is the height of its civilization, just like the northern lights of Iceland in the long night of winter. It is gorgeous and unique, which can not be ignored!

Geysers, intermittent curl, eruptive roar, spray, rest, rest, spray, cycle, even endless

Icelandic geysers, Icelandic geysers are mostly intermittent eruptive hot springs, which mostly occur in areas with active volcanic activity. Some people compare it to "underground natural boilers", and the eruption scene is spectacular. In this natural boiler, there should be a deep spring channel. The underground water is heated by the hot magma at the bottom of the passage, but it can't boil freely under the pressure of the water at the top of the passage. The narrow channel also limits the convection of the spring water. In this way, the water under the channel is continuously heated and accumulated until the steam pressure at the bottom of the water column exceeds the pressure at the upper part of the water column. The underground high-temperature and high-pressure hot water and hot gas will push all the water in the channel out of the surface. The spring water can be ejected into the air to form a water column several meters or even tens of meters high, As the water temperature drops and the pressure decreases, the eruption will stop temporarily, everything will return to calm, and then accumulate strength to prepare for the next eruption.

We can see that when the fountain is calm, it is a round pool with a diameter of about 20 meters. The green hot water fills the pool and flows out slowly along a gap in the pool. If you keep calm for a while, you will suddenly get angry. The water in the pool is rolling, and the sound of snoring is similar to that of boiling. Soon, a column of water rose into the sky. The column of water was very high and spectacular. On the blue sky, there was a hot drizzle. Each eruption process lasts about several tens of seconds, and then gradually subsides. This process is repeated. The next sign indicates that the temperature of this geyser is 85 ~ 100 degrees.

I recorded the whole eruption process with a quick shot of the camera. Whoa, whoa, look, the geyser is erupting. The boiling water spouted out quickly, first forming a bowl shape, and instantly forming a water column up to 30-40 meters high, straight up into the air. The whole process of eruption was so fast that the thunder could not cover the ears, and the electricity could not close the eyes. All of a sudden, the camera shot out, and then the fog filled with hot drizzle. Although the scale of this spring eruption is not as large as that of Yellowstone Park in the United States, it is still punctual and reliable. It erupts about every five minutes, and each eruption takes about one minute.

This area is a large fountain area, just like the earth's blowhole, where hot spring water comes out everywhere. The hot air is filled with smoke and fog. The large and small springs are like boiling pots. When we entered the fountain Park, we were surprised to find that there was no ticket for such a beautiful scenery. In addition to geysers, there are many steaming geothermal ponds with bright colors. The volcanic lava mountain here is dominated by rhyolite, and the surface has been weathered and relatively gentle. Rhyolite is a kind of volcanic acid extrusive rock, its chemical composition is similar to granite. Red, gray white rhyolite, yellow green moss, yellow autumn leaves, like a picture.

Gullfoss is a 40 minute drive northeast of the capital, Reykjavik. She is Iceland's largest fault waterfall, known as the "Queen" of waterfalls. About 2500 meters wide, its water potential is divided into two sections, magnificent, spectacular scenery. The torrential river roared and roared down 32 meters, then plummeted into a 2.5-kilometer-long Canyon 72 meters deep. The waterfall is really surging and impressive. The upstream river of the golden waterfall is called River hvita, which is mainly formed by the melting water of ice and snow from Lange glacier. The wide river turns to the South all the way, turns sharply to the right about 1km away from the waterfall, and rushes down three steps. Then the torrent falls in two parts, forming two stepped waterfalls and rushing into the rift valley.

Our character is good. When we arrived, the sky was clear. We took two panoramic photos. Suddenly, we ran to the tourist center to have a rest. After the rain, we continued to walk along the waterfall to the upstream. The splashing water rose like smoke, like clouds, like mist, like gauze; The sun also followed. First, it squeezed out the clouds and showed its face slightly, shining on the water mist of the waterfall; Gradually the light increased, and a big rainbow flew out of the water mist.

When you are experiencing the great waterfalls and canyons formed in this glacial period, you will feel the unspeakable shock and suddenly feel that people are really small in front of nature.

A monument was erected beside the waterfall to commemorate a civilian woman. In the 1930s, the local government prepared to sell the resources here to foreign investors to build a hydropower station. The incident alarmed a woman living nearby who insisted on a lawsuit against the government because she thought it would damage the natural landscape. She went to the capital to meet with government officials. She once threatened that if a hydropower station was built here, she would jump into the waterfall and sacrifice her life to protect it. Later, after winning the lawsuit, this magnificent waterfall was left for later generations. In 1975, the owner of the waterfall and a large area of land around it presented the land to the Icelandic government to build a nature reserve for the public to watch forever. Such an ordinary civilian woman is revered for her struggle to protect the environment. She is regarded as Iceland's first environmentalist, standing a monument beside the waterfall.

The Serialand falls are really beautiful. She is located in the southern region of Southwest Iceland on the Serialand River, with a vertical height of 60 meters. The forest waterfall flows out from the dense forest and runs straight down. Her photos are often used as advertising elements. Its fame lies not in its size and beauty, but in an ancient legend. The pirate who discovered the waterfall dropped a large box of treasure in the deep pool below, so after the news, the latecomers who came here to search for treasure flocked to it. Unexpectedly, later someone went down to the deep pool and found the handle of the box. So far, the handle has been displayed in the nearby Museum of ancient residents, and the legend about the treasure has become an unsettled legend, spreading more and more widely between the real and the unreal.

The Serialand falls are very beautiful, very frightening.

However, the wonderful thing is that behind the waterfall, there is a path at the bottom of the cliff. Tourists can walk behind the waterfall. It's like entering a water curtain cave. The water drops fall with the wind, and they will get wet if they are not careful. Around the waterfall, there is a higher platform on the opposite side to take photos. Although there is still a lot of water fog, standing on the platform and turning around to take photos, the scenery is also great. You can take a very wide picture. We shout at the waterfall, the sound is drowned in the huge sound of water, how can a cool word get.

A classic photo of the Serialand waterfall is taken at sunset with a wide-angle lens of more than 16mm behind the waterfall, taking the wheel width of the cliff as the picture frame. When the sun shines on the water curtain, it turns into a beautiful and bright sunset. The scenery is very spectacular. Of course, because the water vapor is too big, it is a test for the camera. In such a classic scenic spot, of course, I won't let it go. People and equipment are fully armed, and I have to use the lens cloth to wipe the water mist on the lens to shoot this film. It's a pity that the sunset that day was so ordinary, so were the photos.

Please enjoy the last beautiful film downloaded from the Internet

Vik is a small town in the southernmost tip of Iceland, with a population of less than 600 people. It is a peaceful and harmonious town and a place that we can't and don't want to miss. It is located on the No.1 national highway, with convenient transportation. The scenery along the way is by no means disappointing: volcanoes, waterfalls, rivers and lakes, glaciers, and unique mountain scenery. Behind the town is the endless sea.

The most famous part of the town is its mysterious black sand beach. There are often film crews here to shoot science fiction films such as alien planets. The beach is all black here. The "sand" of the black beach is actually granular volcanic lava. These lava particles have no impurities, no silt and dust. When you hold one of them, your hands are black. When you shake it gently, the black sand is scattered, but your hands are not stained. Because of its natural and transparent black, the sea water is still clear without any influence. We also saw several small islands similar to Bijiashan in southern China.

It's too small. There are only a few hundred people living here, and they live in scattered places. There are no modern buildings here, but the houses are simple and refreshing.

The town near the sea always makes people feel very romantic. In the two days of the town, the weather is really changeable, sometimes sunny, sometimes rainy; Thick clouds rolling, and suddenly opened a crack, revealing a light, flashing a rainbow. All of a sudden, the black clouds were pressing down and the wind and rain were pouring down. At night, you can see the yellow or green aurora flickering on the edge of black clouds. It's really strange to travel in and around the town. It's very exciting.

Reykjavik Cathedral, also known as hallgrimes Cathedral, is a landmark building. Halgrimes is a representative of the Icelandic saga Literature (saga, Icelandic language, is a unique prose literature in Iceland and Northern Europe, mainly about the history and legend of the Viking era). Naming the cathedral after harlems shows the importance of Sakya in Icelandic people. The foundation of the church began in 1940 and was basically completed in the late 1960s. The appearance of the church is organ structure with novel design, elegant and simple. The statue in front of the church is sigsong, the father of Icelandic independence. The main hall is more than 30 meters high and can accommodate 1200 people. The main tower is 72 meters high. You can take the elevator to the top floor to have a panoramic view of the capital.

Iceland, which is famous for its "polar Fire Island", has the largest number of hot springs in the world. It also has 200-300 volcanoes, including 40-50 active volcanoes, with abundant geothermal resources. The blue lagoon is located on an extinct volcano, and the underground magmatic activity is very frequent, which makes the water transpiration. The lava landscape around blue lake has been formed for 800 years. Blue lake is famous because it is an open-air hot spring. The pink blue water is like a fairyland in yaochi. The temperature of the lake is about 37-39 ℃ all year round. Even when the snowflakes are flying, you can still soak in the warm water, fully enjoy the gift of nature, relax in the blue hot Spring Lake and wash away the fatigue all the way. Local people regard the blue lake as a natural beauty salon. The lake is rich in mineral --- hot spring mud. This kind of beneficial mineral deposit in the bottom of the lake can beautify the face and strengthen the body, and has a very good effect on relieving pressure and protecting skin. The beauty products of Blue Lake are very effective, whether they are essence or facial mask. When you soak in the blue lake, the hot spring mud is unlimited. Don't save it. You should apply it wherever you can.

2、 Norway

Norway's full name is the kingdom of Norway, which means "the road to live in the north". Its territory is long and narrow from north to south, with many coastal islands. It is also called "the country of ten thousand islands". Norway's coastline is extremely winding, forming a unique fjord scenery. It is an ideal place for skiing, hiking and fishing, with beautiful lovetown islands, magical Aurora Borealis, spectacular yester Valley ice sheet and midnight sunshine!

The sculpture works of wigrand Park in Oslo, the capital of Norway, are composed of the sculptures of the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav wigrand (1875-1948) from 1906 to 1943, covering an area of 80 hectares. According to the geometry, there are 192 statues and 650 reliefs. Most of these sculptures are nude, including stone and bronze sculptures. It is said to be the largest human sculpture park in the world. In the park, there are 150 groups of statues made of stone, copper, iron and wood, scattered in the 455 Mu area of the park, reflecting the same theme, namely life. Therefore, it is also called "Life Park". Although there are statues everywhere in the park, they are numerous but not disordered. There is an 850 meter long central axis in the garden. The main entrance, stone bridge, fountain, round terrace and life and death column are all located on the axis. The main statues and reliefs are distributed among them. There are 29 symmetrical bronze sculptures on each side of the stone bridge. At the four corners of the fountain, there are five Bush sculptures, four walls are relief sculptures, and tray group sculptures in the center. Round platform step is surrounded by 36 symmetrical granite stone carvings, the central towering column of life and death. All the statues form several beautiful geometric patterns, which are symmetrical and harmonious.

Some people say, "here, you absorb the breath of life; Here, you feel the rhythm of life strongly; Here, you really gaze at the attitude of life, here, you deeply understand the meaning of life

At the four corners of the fountain, there are five Bush sculptures, four walls are relief sculptures, and tray group sculptures in the center. Six strong men struggled to hold up the stone basin, and the spring overflowed. The water symbolizes wealth, the stone basin symbolizes the hardship of life. Only when a man can bear the burden of life can he enjoy the joy of life. The four walls below the fountain are relief sculptures, which reflect the whole process of life from the birth of a baby, through childhood, youth, youth, old age and death. The four corners of the Bush carving, one corner is the innocent and lively children, one corner is the young people with unrestrained feelings, one corner is the hard working adults, one corner is the dying old people, constitute the four pictures of life.

The ring of life, a bronze sculpture, is made up of seven men, women, old and young, forming a ring. It symbolizes the process of a complete cycle of life, shows the track of human reproduction and survival from generation to generation, and contains the hope of life and the concept of regeneration. This ring also means women.

The pillar of life and death in the center of the circular steps of the sculpture park is a representative masterpiece of the park in terms of artistic skills and ideological content. It took 14 years for willland to carve it. The stone column is 17 meters high, surrounded by 121 nude male and female reliefs. The dead on the pillar are miserable. There are infant, unfortunate youth, hairless women and skinny old people. This "pillar of life and death" depicts the scene of people struggling with each other and supporting each other when they are dissatisfied with human life and climb to "heaven". Some people are addicted, some are alert, some are struggling, some are despairing, which constitute a steep rising melody.

The central idea of all the statues in wigrand Sculpture Park focuses on one theme: human life and death. For example, the relief on the four walls of the fountain reflects the whole process of life from the birth of a baby, through childhood, adolescence, youth, prime of life, old age and death. The four corners of the Bush carving, one is the innocent and lively children, one is the young people with unrestrained feelings, one is the hard working adults, one is the dying old people, constitute four pictures of life. The 36 stone sculptures on the terrace also start from the birth of babies. Visitors walk around one by one and gradually see the images of different periods of life: children playing hide and seek, teenagers wrestling and playing, lovers whispering, old people living through their twilight years, circling for a week until the 36th death ball tower. On the guardrails on both sides of the stone bridge, 58 bronze statues reflecting daily life are placed, shaping many young men, women and children.

A large group of group sculptures is composed of a strong man, a graceful girl and a pure and innocent child. Some of them are dancing heartily, some of them are talking about love, and some of them are beating and scolding their wives and children by their husbands.

I took this picture to signify the light of life - do you think it's image?

It is said that in the early 20th century, in the eyes of Western men, it was the wives' business to take care of housework, raise children and run the "rear area". On the one hand, they yearn to get married, on the other hand, they are not willing to fall into the net of family life. They are tired of married life and try to get rid of their wives and children. But real life is like a mess, cut constantly, reason is also chaotic, they and their families coiled together. The most striking is a statue of a crying little boy, stamping his feet and waving his arms as if seeking the love of his parents.

The sculpture park does not have any explanatory words, probably to let the audience discover and experience for themselves. Although the figure of the sculpture is somewhat abstract, the expression can clearly distinguish the male and female and the age of the sculpture. And no matter who it is, it's easy to see that what the author wants to show is all kinds of interpersonal relationships that people will encounter in different stages of their lives.

Old Stavanger in Norway is located on the west side of Stavanger port. It is full of 18th century old buildings. Cobblestone sidewalks pass through rows of whitewashed wooden houses. In the quiet old city, you can see the gardens arranged by local people everywhere. It seems that people there are born with high aesthetic vision, and each place is a different landscape, The scenery at dusk is the most wonderful. There are not many visitors, walking quietly on the path and feeling the essence of Stavanger. The wooden White House, the flowers blooming, is very beautiful and elegant under the blue sky and the sea.

The old streets of the ancient city are clean and tidy, and the pedestrians are calm. If you are in Europe, those medieval cities play again, and then come here, it will definitely shine. The old city is built around the harbor area. On both sides of the old and winding streets, these white wooden huts are the representative buildings of Stavanger as the "canned capital" era.

Nowadays, most of the houses in the old city are privately owned and well protected. Norway's Stavanger, known as the "oil capital of the North Sea", must be an industrial city with booming machines, noisy people and busy oil workers. When you are on the scene, unexpectedly, the streets here are clean and the passers-by are leisurely. In the blue sea, the cruise ships are still moored, the sailboats are cruising, and the colorful cabins surround the coast, just like the dream home in Nordic fairy tales.

In Stavanger, in the boken fjord on the west coast of Norway, when walking in the evening, I saw a lot of yachts moored on the surface of the water. I used the compass to measure the position. I felt that taking the yacht as the foreground was a good point to shoot the sunrise. But the sky was not clear that night, so I thought that there might be no play tomorrow morning. However, the restless heart always remembers that he got up in the middle of the night and observed the sky several times. In the early morning, he found that there seemed to be a little bit of fish belly white in the sky. Anyway, he couldn't sleep. He simply got up and went to the seaside by himself - opportunity always favors those who are prepared, enjoying and photographing the very shocking sunrise and dawn (while friends are still in bed).

The sermon platform is located in the middle of Luther fjord in Stavanger. It is a natural giant stone, standing abruptly in the mountains deep in the fjord. The vertical drop is 604 meters, and there is a platform of 625 square meters on the top, which is similar to the preaching platform of a priest in a church. Therefore, he was given the name of religious color. In fact, no priest ever preached here.

This magical cliff was formed in the ice age 10000 years ago. It was cut by glaciers and melt water. The edge is very neat. It feels like it was cut by hand. People have to admire the uncanny workmanship of nature. From a distance, it's very spectacular. When you get close, standing on the platform of the sermon stone and overlooking the Lysefjord in the canyon, it's really more than magnificent. You can describe the scenery here. Undulating mountains, winding fjords, and boats sailing in the fjords... Unfold a long landscape. Because the sermon stone stands steeply on the Fjord, the terrain is high and open, and it often blows a lot of wind. At this time, it takes courage to stand on the edge to see the scenery. Some people even dare not stand up, they sit or even lie down to rub forward, no matter what way, dare to close to the edge of the rock, even with the way of lying down in awe of nature, is also admirable.

Because of the respect for nature, most of the roads along the way to the top of the sermon platform are luanshigang. At first, it was a section of gravel road, and then it became a stone road. Unlike domestic scenic spots, which can build good roads or plank roads, the road is relatively long, and it takes four hours to go back and forth, so it is difficult to walk. Shoes must be good, and be careful all the way, otherwise it's easy to hurt your feet.

Carrying about ten kilograms of photographic equipment and water, it was hard all the way. I thought I could see the pulpit after climbing a section of mountain road, but I didn't see it until I reached the end! When I arrived at the preaching stone, I heard the exclamations of various languages. A huge square cone-shaped stone body was flying over the Fjord, which made me feel suspended. It's impossible to describe the spectacular scene of the sermon stone, for it is superior, majestic and thrilling. You'd better enjoy the charm of it by yourself. The view of the sermon stone is only for those who really appreciate it, because he is pure. Standing on the high platform, overlooking the Fjord, the world's wonders, the footpath platform --- exclamation of the uncanny workmanship of nature, exclamation of the hard work all the way. In such a landscape, it's not too much to pose for photos. Friends are happy to take a group photo with this boulder and jump happily.

Norway also has a miracle stone, which is even more dangerous. It's a giant spherical stone sandwiched between two cliffs. It's a brave man who dares to stand up. However, due to the reason of the trip, I didn't go to see it personally, leaving some regrets, and of course, leaving a reason to come to northern Europe again in the future. Also on the two network pictures.

Flamsbana mountain train, known as a miracle, was built in 1923, which caused many disputes at that time. As far as mountain railway is concerned, there is no place in the world steeper than this. From Fromm gorge at an altitude of two meters to midar station at an altitude of 900 meters, 80% of the lines have a gradient of 55 / 1000, that is, 1:18, and the minimum turning radius is only 130 meters. Christensen, the prescient mayor of songn, was also grateful for the construction of the railway. He made it clear that the shortest and most economical railway line from songn to eastern Norway should be built to transport the products from songn to Bergen. The most difficult project to build this section of railway is the tunnel, which is basically Manually Excavated. Every meter of tunnel requires the excavators to work hard for a month. At the beginning, 120 strong workers were used, which soon increased to 220. Steep cliffs are the main challenge. In order to deal with the huge difference of elevation between cliffs, the solution is to build U-shaped tunnels. In order to avoid the danger of avalanches and rolling stones, the railway crossed the river and valley three times. Instead of crossing the river through bridges, it let the river pass through the mountains through the tunnel under the railway. These spiral tunnels in the mountains show the most daring and ingenious engineering technology in the history of Norwegian railway. They are regarded as a masterpiece in the history of Norwegian engineering. It took 20 years to complete. Nowadays, tourists from all over the world are pouring in, making the Fromm railway one of the most famous and spectacular tourist spots in Norway. The speed of the train is very slow. It passes through the beautiful and narrow valley of Fromm. Sitting in the antique green box, we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides. The river passes through the deep gorge, many waterfalls fly down from the steep and snow covered mountains, and the farm is inlaid on the steep hillside.

In a short span of 20 kilometers, there are countless sharp curves and steep slopes, and 20 tunnels. The altitude rises sharply from 2 meters to 866 meters. The train inclines dizzily. However, the steepest train journey in the world shows the broadest and most magnificent scenery of Norway. While enjoying the beautiful scenery along the way, we also feel the greatness of human beings' victory over nature.

On a quiet autumn morning, the cruise ship sails on the mirror like Songen fjord. In the distance, the "Seven Sisters peak" is covered with white snow. Many waterfalls pour down along the way. It's really a fairyland to be in. Songen Fjord, the largest fjord in Norway, is the longest and deepest fjord in the world, with a total length of 240 kilometers and a maximum depth of 1308 meters. The mountains on both sides are high and the valleys are deep. The slopes at the bottom of the valleys are steep and grow vertically until the peak at an altitude of 1500 meters. The rocks on both sides of the fjord are very hard, mainly composed of granite and gneiss, mixed with a small number of limestone, dolomite and marble. Some small towns, orchards and farmland are scattered in relatively flat places in the mountains, forming a variety of scenery.

Fjord is a special form of glacial trough valley. After the ice age, the sea level rose, and the glacial trough at the lower end was submerged by seawater intrusion, forming a long and narrow bay with flat and steep bank walls, wide valley bottom and large depth, namely a fjord.

Along the way, you can often see dozens of waterfalls formed on the steep cliffs on both sides of the fjord. Sometimes, a mountain can spray several waterfalls with abundant water from several directions at the same time, and a piece of flying current will flow from the top of the mountain, soaking the bare cliff rock.

With the cruise ship slowly moving forward in the vast white fog of the Fjord, the mountains and rivers on both sides, the clouds and fog around, the fjord winding, waterfalls everywhere, gods like mountains and waters splashing ink, we seem to have come to the illusory world in the Lord of the rings, like entering the Kingdom of Narnia, seeing the fog vaporizing into a long ribbon winding in the forest, flowing slowly, The autumn colors make the forests on both sides of the fjord picturesque.

Sitting on the cruise ship is like watching a 360 ° panoramic movie. When the boat arrives at the Fjord, the narrow fjord is like a hidden gate. As we slowly approached, the gate gradually opened, and the steep peaks in the dark clouds and fog, the waterfalls like water curtain and the small villages like Xanadu on both sides of the canyon were dazzling. Norway is rainy. On sunny and rainy days, the fjords are completely different. The fjords in the rain and fog are also illusory and beautiful. They have a unique atmosphere. The sea water of the fjord looms out of the forest, twines with the forest, stretches together, and never leaves our sight. The colorful forest is reflected in the water, dense with a piece of fantastic and magnificent color, a white spring waterfall, with a roaring sound, rushing down from the top of the mountain through the dense forest, adding vitality to the quiet mountain forest. Occasionally you can see the higher snow mountain in the distance. It is the melting snow water there that sings, jumps and gathers all the way, and finally forms the spectacular waterfall group in front of you. With the boat, changing scenery, dizzying, so peaceful. The beauty of the fjord lies in its primitive and desolation, in the untouched eternity from the nature, in the graceful snow peaks and mountains, in the high mountains and flowing water, suspended ice waterfalls, moraine lakes, glaciers, boulders, forests and mosses, in the wild nature kissing the sky, embracing the ice sea, and in the endless beauty of nature, deeply touching each of us!

In 2004, National Geographic magazine called Norwegian fjords "the best natural tourist destination in the world that is not affected by human activities". Songen fjord beautiful and magnificent scenery, let me feel unprecedented love this world, love their own life, in order to see more scenery in this world, I think we must live well.

Looking at such a beautiful scenery, I can't help but also willful, an old urchin.

The Norsk jemuseum introduces the distribution and exploitation history of oil in the North Sea, and combines the technological progress with the image data of important moments in the history of oil development.

3、 Denmark

Denmark, located in northern Europe, is one of the founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Because of its developed economy, high welfare and narrow gap between the rich and the poor, Denmark is rated as one of the "happiest countries". At the same time, Denmark is also a kingdom of fairy tales, the hometown of Andersen, the master of fairy tales. The main tourist spots are Copenhagen, Andersen's hometown Odense, Lego building block City, the west coast of Jutland Peninsula and skayan, the northernmost point.

Most people who know Copenhagen well may be because it is the birthplace of Andersen's fairy tales, the Copenhagen climate conference held here, or the Copenhagen diet, but the charm of Copenhagen is far more than that. It has the largest number of Michelin restaurants in northern Europe, so it's natural to be a gourmet paradise in northern Europe; With top designers and developed transportation system, it is a model of modern metropolis; There are also many ancient castles and other royal courtyards with a strong classical flavor. The dense jungle, beautiful beaches, elegant lakes, beauties everywhere, colorful commodities and passing cyclists are all beautiful and unique scenery of Copenhagen.

The morning song of Nyhavn, Copenhagen. When you come to Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, the fairy tale kingdom, Nyhavn is one of the most popular scenic spots for tourists. In this canal, various yachts and wooden boats with high masts are often moored. The colorful old houses, bars, beer houses and restaurants along the bank have been frequented by sailors from all over the world, It also makes Xingang the place where you can enjoy the atmosphere of Copenhagen.

Xingang is an artificial canal built from 1669 to 1673. At that time, the main purpose of building the canal was to introduce sea water directly into the new king's Square in Copenhagen, and to introduce sea traffic into the city center, so as to promote the economic development of the city. Xingang road is a famous nostalgic District in Copenhagen. The houses on both sides of the street are facing each other, and they are seen in the style of wharf. Danes say, "no new port, no Copenhagen.". Most of the houses along the canal have a history of more than 300 years. The 17th century brick houses in yellow, light blue and brick red are colorful and gorgeous, which has the feeling of fairy tale kingdom. Today's Xingang has a brand new look, but people can still see that these fairy tale houses, which were first built on both sides of the canal, have become pedestrian streets on the sunny side. The edge of the house window is covered with flowers. There are flower stalls on every corner. The bars along the street are full of leisure people, and the frequent sightseeing boats shuttle between the rivers, forming an impressive landscape of Xingang.

Many beautiful fairy tales are completed here. From 1834 to 1838, Andersen lived in his apartment at No. 20 on the right side of the canal, where he wrote his first famous fairy tale in 1835; From 1848 to 1865, Andersen lived in No. 67, which was on the sunny side; In the last few years of his life, he lived in Newport again from 1873 to 1875, and by this time he had become a world-famous figure. He lived in No. 18 on the same side as Charlotte Castle palace.

The owner of Xingang 9 is the 11th generation grandson of bayong, the builder of Xingang river. It used to be famous for its "beach hotel for world travelers"; Xingang 11 has left many Copenhagen celebrities' footprints. Around the middle of the 19th century, the owners of this house were a famous actor family, the josenkeller family. Many famous scholars visited here at that time. Among the guests is Swedish singer Yanni Ling, who was once Andersen's lover.

One of the traditional events that can be seen in Xingang is that every summer, those old wooden boats with new decoration come back from sailing in Copenhagen and dock in Xingang, one after another, until they are lined up on both sides of Xingang river. The scene is very spectacular.

On that day, we came to the side of Xingang canal in the early morning, quietly enjoying the gorgeous glow. In the afternoon, the weather was very good, with blue sky and white clouds. I was nostalgic for the distinctive dazzling colors of Xingang. Once again, I came to the side of the canal, where the sunlight illuminated the colorful houses, which was very eye-catching. Because the light is very good, the water in the canal is very clear, plus the background color factor, the reflection is very beautiful. The color and shape is too laggy and cute. I can only hear the camera shutter of my friends and I click, click and shoot, deeply immersed in the harmonious beauty of nature and humanity.

On the red brick floor of the wharf, a log with iron hoops stands to support a huge anchor, which is the relic of the old Danish warship voynon, in memory of the Danish Navy warriors who died in the Second World War.

Mermaid statue is a world-famous bronze statue in Changdi Park, northeast of the center of Copenhagen. She has attracted countless tourists. It's said that if you don't watch the mermaid, you've never been to Copenhagen. The bronze statue of the mermaid has become the symbol of Copenhagen. During the Shanghai World Expo, the bronze statue of the mermaid was once displayed in the Danish pavilion. In the middle of the white garden shaped pool, the light made the statue particularly eye-catching, and the visitors were in constant flow. Today, we come to his real hometown to see his beautiful appearance and have a special flavor. From a positive point of view, mermaid is a healthy girl, but she has no legs and feet and a thin tail. On her beautiful face, her sad eyes and locked eyebrows seem to tell her unfair life experience, which has to arouse people's sympathy and love for him.

Shennong fountain, also known as gefeiang fountain, is located in Changdi Park of Copenhagen port. It is a masterpiece of Danish traditional culture. Shennong fountain is composed of a group of copper sculptures, such as the goddess of gifion, four oxen and a set of ploughs. With her left hand holding the plow and her right hand holding the whip, the goddess of gifion was driving four copper oxen to plow. The four bulls bow to the horns and pull the plow hard. They are of different shapes and boast of being alive. The fountain spouted from the nostrils of Tongniu in the shape of a waterfall. The bronze sculpture is magnificent and powerful. Gifion is a goddess in Nordic mythology. She never married, but gave birth to four sons with Hercules. It is said that in ancient Sweden, there was a king named gylfe who promised the goddess gifion that she could dig out a piece of land from Swedish territory, but only one day and one night. So the goddess gifion turned her four sons into four cows, dug a large piece of land from Sweden with a plow, and moved it to the sea. From then on, Sweden left a lake Vanern, and the land dug out is now the island of ceyland where Copenhagen is located.

There is a church next to Shennong fountain. Although it is small in scale, it has many functions.

Plush match cap, this is an interesting story worth recording. In many European countries, there is a ceremony for soldiers to change their posts, but in Denmark, the change is really fairy tale. At noon, dozens of soldiers wearing exaggerated black Plush hats, with "X" in the front and "V" in the back, blue trousers, big shoes, toy rifles, expressionless face and stiff expression, can't help but laugh. It's too in line with the image of the fairy tale kingdom. It's really a national treasure.

With the accompaniment of the military band, they marched on the street, and then came to the Palace Square to change their posts.

The soldiers of the imperial guard standing guard at the gate are also wearing big black fluffy hats, which look like firewood. What's funny is that the small post Pavilion behind him is just like a small pencil. Its size is just enough to accommodate this "matchstick", which is very comic and fairy tale.

There are a lot of tourists to watch the job change, and many Danish children also come to watch it. It is estimated that it is also patriotic education.

4、 Sweden

Sweden, the kingdom of Sweden, is located in the southeast of Scandinavia, with a coastline of 7600 kilometers and a total area of about 450000 square kilometers. Sweden is the largest country in northern Europe, famous for its high wages, high taxes and high welfare. Sweden is the world-famous Nobel prize awarding place, with the only ice hotel in the world, as well as the Lapp residential area with cultural and natural heritage. Stockholm, his capital, is an elegant and prosperous city. The Royal Palace of Sweden is the place where the king's office and celebrations are held. It is the main tourist attraction in Stockholm.

Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, is the second largest city in northern Europe. It is located at the intersection of Lake Melan and the Baltic Sea and is composed of 14 islands. Stockholm is known as "Venice of the north". The magnificent buildings in the middle ages, the modern buildings in rows, and the exquisite villas in the blue trees and red flowers set off each other. The old city of Stockholm was built in the middle of the 13th century. It has a history of more than 700 years. Because Sweden has not experienced war in 200 years, it is still in good condition. The medieval buildings decorated with wood and stone carvings and the narrow streets make the old city highlight the style of an ancient city. There are medieval alleys, cobblestone streets and ancient buildings in the city, which are deeply influenced by the northern Germanic style. Walking in the streets of the old city, the old church, the long cobblestone lane, the aroma of coffee in the air, let time stay. In addition to historical sites, there are many cafes, restaurants and handicraft shops in the old city. It's worth taking time to walk around, especially on the streets near the river and the sea. The main attractions of the old city are the palace, Stockholm Cathedral, Nobel Museum and knight's church.

In the early morning, we met a heavy fog. Accompanied by the sea water, the ancient city loomed like a fairyland. Ferry boats and large ships shuttled through the fog, making this elegant and prosperous city with beautiful scenery an indescribable illusion.

The Nobel Prize was awarded in Oslo, Norway, except for the peace prize. The awarding ceremony of other prizes was held in the multi-function hall on the first floor of Stockholm City Hall, Sweden.

Stockholm City Hall is located on King's island to the west of the city center, on the edge of Lake meraren, which is the symbol of Stockholm. On the right side of the building is a 105 meter high clock tower. The three crowns on the top of the tower represent Sweden, Denmark and Norway. The towering tower, in sharp contrast to the podium that unfolds along the water surface, and the highly decorative longitudinal long windows, makes the whole building as magnificent as a sailing ship.

The front of the city hall is the "Nobel corridor", and at the end of the corridor is the "Nobel wall". On the wall are the portraits of Nobel, Nobel medals, Nobel certificates and Nobel wills. From right to left, the five characters on one of the reliefs represent the five Nobel Prizes: literature, physiology or medicine, peace, chemistry and physics.

The outer wall made of 8 million red bricks keeps the poetic and picturesque flavor of traditional Nordic classical architecture in the high and low, virtual and real harmony. In a circle of buildings, the green rattan of Parthenocissus spreads on the red brick wall, and the autumn sun shines on it to show its solemnity. On December 10 every year, the king and queen hold a grand banquet for the winners in the blue hall on the first floor of the city hall. Nobel laureates and their families walk down the steps into the blue hall. It's the ladder of true winners. Each Nobel laureate was allowed to speak for five minutes on the podium at the corner of the steps.

The gold hall on the second floor is about 25 meters deep. The four walls are inlaid with 18 million pieces of gold, about one centimeter square. Under the bright light, countless auras are enveloped and resplendent. The large mural on the middle wall is a high spirited goddess of Lake melalun. There are two groups of characters at the foot of the goddess. The one on the right is European, the other on the left is Asian, and there is a Chinese wearing Qing Dynasty costumes. This mosaic mural symbolizes Stockholm, which was born from the combination of Meron lake and the Baltic Sea. It is a beautiful place that human beings yearn for. It is not only a masterpiece of art combining realism and romanticism, but also the "treasure of town hall" of the city hall. The ball after Nobel's grand banquet is held here.

The most distinctive and beautiful is the boat shaped roof in the parliament hall. It is very similar to a upside down ship, representing the architectural style of the Nordic Viking era. The roof is painted with the sun, the moon and the stars to show the topics discussed by the parliament. There is no content that can not be seen.

Located on the zoo Island, the vasa shipwreck Museum mainly displays the Vasa, the only well preserved 17th century shipwreck in the world. At that time, Sweden was the target of great powers. In order to guard against the invasion of neighboring countries, gustv Adolf II ordered the construction of the vasa,. After completion in the spring of 1628, the ship made its maiden voyage in August. Due to several changes in the drawings during the construction process, the ship's center of gravity was too high. The ship sailed out of the port and capsized on one side due to wind and waves. The sinking was accelerated due to the heavy weight of the ship. The sinking was in 333, and it was only in 1961 that the Swedish authorities ordered the salvage. Although the sailing history is very short, the Swedes still regard it as a national treasure, because it presents the shipbuilding technology and art of the Swedes in the 17th century, especially the wood carving skills on the ship. The Maritime Museum is one of the most popular in Scandinavia. All the precious collections in the museum were salvaged from the bottom of the sea.

Located on the Bank of merlaren lake, sigtuna town in Sweden is a picturesque medieval town with 18th century town halls and streets, beautiful lakeside scenery and medieval ruins. Its permanent population is less than 10000. Although the town is small, it has a long history of thousands of years. It has become the most famous ancient town in Sweden because of its blue sky and white clouds, beautiful lakes and mountains, strange villas and beautiful scenery.

We drove from Stockholm and arrived at the quiet town of sigtuna an hour later. As soon as we got off the bus, we saw the smallest city hall in Europe. How small is it? It's only about 60 square meters. Historically, this small town was the capital of Sweden, where Sweden's first coin was born. After thousands of years, it seems that the appearance of the town has not changed much. Besides, all kinds of buildings in the town, the lakeside villa that Chinese compatriots dream of, are basically standard in this town; During this period, I took a small path to enter a family, a 2-story single family villa, close to the mountain and lake, thousands of square grass in front of the door, and a small Wharf at the end, with private speedboats and sailing boats. Roadside often see apple trees full of fruit, because no one picked the ground and fell to the ground.

5、 Finland

Finland is located in the north of Europe, bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia. It is adjacent to the Gulf of Finland in the South and the Gulf of Bologna in the West. Its coastline is 1100 km long and it is known as the "country of thousands of lakes". Finland is a highly developed country in the world. Its per capita output is far higher than the average level of the European Union. Its citizens enjoy a very high standard of quality of life.

Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is a city of classical beauty and modern civilization. At the same time, it is also a garden city of ingenious combination of urban architecture and natural scenery. Known as the daughter of the Baltic Sea.

Fort Finland is a group of small islands built more than 250 years ago on the sea outside Helsinki. It is one of the largest coastal defense military fortresses in the world and a famous scenic spot in Finland. Finnish Castle also has churches, barracks, gates and other places of interest, there are rare military relics on the sea in the world, Finnish castle by a Swedish artillery officer okostin calendar 100 years of design and completion. The fortresses, castles and barracks built by the Swedes 250 years ago have been well preserved. Today's Finnish fort is no longer filled with the smoke and blood of war, but a holy land for tourism, recuperation and residence. There are also dozens of museums on the island to visit, among which the doll and toy museum is an interesting contrast to the castle's smoky history. In 1991, the Finnish castle was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage list and protected.

Sibelius Park was built in memory of the great composer Sibelius. In the autumn of Sibelius, there are many Finnish people jogging here. Seagulls play freely on the rocks of the park. Sailing boats and yachts are moored at the port. There are restaurants and cafes in the park. You can enjoy the picturesque landscape while sipping coffee.

In the lush forest of Sibelius Park stands the monument of Sibelius, a Finnish musician, composed of more than 600 stainless steel pipes with different lengths and different heights. Looking from afar, the monument is like a weeping willow covered with frost and snow, which stands out in the green pines and cypresses; Close to the front, the thick steel pipe looks like a huge organ, playing the composer's soul stirring music in the sea breeze;

If you look at it carefully, the surface of the steel pipe is different. Some ar